The space sector has often been considered one of the main frontrunners of technological development. This was evident at the beginning of the space age (1950s) which yielded pioneering space systems. Analysis of patents provides some insight into innovative activities concerning the electrical and mechanical machinery and equipment required for space-based systems (satellites, launchers) as well as the downstream applications, such as telecommunications navigation systems. The number of space-related patents has almost quadrupled in fifteen years when looking at the applications filed under the Patent Co-operation Treaty (PCT) (Figure 9.1). The downturn after 2002 is due to a large degree to time-lag effects described in the “Methodological notes”. The narrow classification B64G: “Cosmonautics; vehicles or equipment thereof” shows a slower increase in the number of patents, meaning that other categories dealing with downstream products and services have gained in importance (Figure 3.6b and 9.2). The countries’ share in space-related patents over the 2000-08 period shows the United States and Europe leading, followed by Korea and Japan (Figure 9.3). Finally, in terms of revealed technological advantage, eight countries demonstrate a level of specialisation in space technologies patenting. The Russian Federation, France, Israel and the United States show a large amount of patenting in space activities, compared to other economic sectors (Figure 9.4).