On 7 May 2010, Chile became a member of the OECD, a testimony to its progress and accomplishments. The accession process took place in the difficult context of the 2008–09 recession and the devastating earthquake in February 2010. Nonetheless, the economy has rebounded quickly, showing a welcome resilience to external shocks. To help Chile build on this momentum and achieve increasingly higher living standards as fast and sustainably as possible, President Piñera’s administration and the OECD agreed to prepare an economic assessment with policy options. This report highlights the opportunities and challenges ahead. Its goal is to inform policy makers of options for the future of Chile.