Donald Kaberuka acknowledges that over the past 50 years, development policy has come a long way and that it continues to evolve – with diverse goals, players and instruments. This chapter looks at the development aid experience in Africa to draw out some of the lessons, and suggests ways forward. In many ways, Africa has been a test-bed over the past five decades, reflecting shifts in donor policies and practices as well as changes in the geopolitical climate. Looking forward, Kaberuka stresses that development is about much more than aid: development co-operation – true partnership – requires dialogue and participation among recipients, traditional and non-traditional donors, and the private sector. He concludes that development aid – and the OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC) - still have a key role to play in Africa.