Over the past decade Botswana has taken important steps in building a more efficient framework for setting up businesses. This chapter examines various measures adopted by the government to reduce administrative burdens on investors, and notably the functions of the Botswana Investment and Trade Centre (BITC) as Botswana’s central investment promotion agency. It also explores how an array of national economic development strategies (on competition, trade, investment, private sector development and exportation) have been organised within a framework headed by the Economic Diversification Drive (EDD) since 2011. While this common structure places emphasis on poverty reduction, investment linkages, human resource development, and the needs of smaller enterprises, the role of private investment (and particularly FDI) is not strongly emphasised. The country may therefore benefit from developing a dedicated national investment strategy. This chapter also investigates the framework for awarding and assessing tax incentives for investment, and ends by investigating different dimensions of Botswana’s human resource development strategy with these investment facilitation goals in mind.