Many green growth indicators bear directly on the interaction between economic growth and the environment. In so doing, they provide information on this nexus but for a considered interpretation they should be assessed against countries’ socio-economic context. Also, the available detail for indicators is sometimes limited and contextual information then becomes an imperfect yet important substitute. For example, data on environmental pressure is rarely available by industrial activity and consistent measures that combine environmental and economic information can only be constructed at the level of the entire economy. In such cases, it is important to supplement the economy-wide indicator with information on countries’ industry structure. Employment and developments on labour markets are at the heart of the Green Growth Strategy. The report Towards Green Growth explores at some detail the links between environmental considerations, the labour market, education, training and skills and provides quantification using an economic model. While such modelling is in the area of research and outside the remit of green growth indicators, the contextual data remains important. The section at hand provides such context with regard to economic growth, productivity and competitiveness, the industry structure of economies, along with key features of the labour market that are important to sustain the creation of jobs and facilitate adjustment processes, and some information on demography, health, education and inequality.