OECD Environmental Performance Reviews

ISSN :
1990-0090 (online)
ISSN :
1990-0104 (print)
DOI :
10.1787/19900090
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OECD Environmental Performance Reviews provide independent assessments of countries’ progress in achieving domestic and international environmental policy commitments and goals, together with policy-relevant recommendations.  They address the management of air, water, waste, biodiversity, and land; they examine the relationship between economic and social policy and the environment; and they describe the subject country’s international co-operation in such areas as climate change, marine pollution and development co-operation.  Each report includes a broad range of economic and environmental statistical data. On average, five or six countries are reviewed each year.

Also available in: French, German, Spanish, Italian
 
OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Spain 2004

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Authors:
OECD
Publication Date :
05 Oct 2004
Pages :
214
ISBN :
9789264108639 (PDF) ; 9789264108622 (print)
DOI :
10.1787/9789264108639-en

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This review of Spain’s environmental performance takes stock of Spain’s environmental performance since the last review done in 1997.  It finds that despite substantial increases in GDP, tourism, construction, population density in coastal areas, and road freight transport, progress has been made in decoupling some environmental pressures from economic growth and in developing environmental infrastructure.  Nevertheless, Spain faces important challenges related to high energy intensity, high water use intensity, and increasing CO2 emissions and municipal waste.  This report makes 46 recommendations to help strengthen Spain’s environmental performance in the context of sustainable development. 

Also available in: French, Spanish

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  • Conclusions and Recommendations
    Spain’s GDP has grown by 36% in the last ten years. It is now the ninth highest in the world. GDP per capita has also risen and is now closer to the EU 15 average, partially owing to EU support. In many instances economic growth has led to increased pressures on the environment in Spain, in terms of both pollution and use of natural resources (e.g. water, land). This partly reflects...
  • Air Management
    Features • Trends in emissions of traditional air pollutants • Air quality issues (ozone, particulate matter, toxics) • Integration of air quality concerns in the transport sector • Integration of air quality concerns in the energy sector.
  • Water Management
    Features • Water demand management and water pricing • Minimum ecological flows in rivers • The National Hydrological Plan • Rational use of water in irrigation • Coastal zone management.
  • Nature and Biodiversity Management
    Features • Natura 2000 network • Sectoral integration: forestry • Sectoral integration: agriculture • Coastal areas • International co-operation.
  • Environmental-Economic Interface
    Features • Decoupling • Environmental spending in regional and operational programmes • Sectoral and environmental subsidies • The institutional context • Implementation and enforcement of regulations.
  • The Environmental-Social Interface
    Features • The social context • Environmental employment • Local Agenda 21 • Furthering environmental democracy • Environmental education.
  • Sectorial Integration
    Features • The economic weight of tourism • Towards sustainable tourism • Tourism and territorial development • Coastal tourism and construction • Environment/tourism indicators system.
  • International Co-operation
    Features • Controlling the increase in GHG emissions • Reinforcing prevention of marine oil spills • Moving towards sustainable fisheries • Progress with environmental ODA.
  • References
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