This chapter discusses the extent to which environment has contributed to the Slovakia’s economic growth over the past decade, including environmental measures as part of the fiscal stimulus implemented in response to the global economic and financial crisis. It outlines how EU accession contributed to integrating environmental concerns in economic policies, especially in financing environmental protection expenditures and reducing regional disparities in access to environmental services. Trends in environmentally related charges and taxes, and in removing environmental harmful subsidies, are also assessed. The chapter reviews efforts to promote innovation and eco-innovation as part of Slovakia’s longer term goal of boosting the productivity and competitiveness of its economy.