The following recommendations are part of the overall conclusions and recommendations of the OECD Environmental Performance Review of the Netherlands: • strengthen or revive efforts to integrate environmental and sustainable development concerns into transport policy; • further internalise externalities into transport operation and pricing: strengthen the use of existing economic instruments and introduce new ones, such as the suggested per-kilometre tax on lorries and cars (with differentiated rates according to time, place and the environmental impact of each vehicle) or other relevant instruments; • work towards eliminating domestic and international distortions in competition among transport modes (e.g. subsidisation, taxation, standards), including within the EU, IMO and ICAO....