Mexico is among the largest economies in the OECD. Over the last decade, it experienced average growth and recovered swiftly from the global downturn. However, the gap in living standards with the rest of the OECD widened, mainly because of Mexico’s relatively low productivity. In 2010, per capita income was among the lowest in the OECD, and Mexico was the second most unequal country in the OECD in terms of income. Mexico has a rich natural asset base and production and consumption patterns are less energy- and material-intensive than in more developed economies, although this gap has narrowed. However, rapid urbanisation, population growth and rising income are generating a range of environmental pressures.