During the 2000s, Austria experienced a robust performance on many economic and social indicators and continued to improve its overall environmental performance. This chapter provides a snapshot of some key environmental trends in Austria over the decade. It highlights some of the main environmental achievements and the remaining challenges on the path towards a greener economy and sustainable development. The chapter briefly describes Austria’s progress in reducing the carbon, energy and material intensities of its economy; in managing its natural asset base, including its water and biodiversity resources; and in improving the environmental quality of life.