Policy-makers have many approaches and numerous instruments at their disposal for creating markets for biodiversity. Given that there are many objectives to be reached, a full policy mix needs to be considered to achieve desirable outcomes. That mix will need to achieve the appropriate combination of public versus private provision of goods and services, as well as the combination and intensity of instruments that will be used. Since the part of biodiversity that is purely public cannot be easily brought into a market system, it should be dealt with through non-market means. However, many aspects of biodiversity that initially appear to be public can, in fact, be made part of the market economy – and will be best dealt with using the tools and techniques discussed in earlier chapters. The important task for government will be to ...