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Browse by: "2013"

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  • 18 Dec 2013
  • OECD, The European Commission
  • Pages: 248

Entrepreneurship development is an important requirement for achieving of smart, sustainable and inclusive growth. It is also a means to respond to new economic challenges, to create jobs and to fight social and financial exclusion. The impact of the global financial and economic crisis calls for giving entrepreneurship and self-employment a stronger role in economic and social development policies.

This book collects and synthesizes information and data on entrepreneurship activities in Europe, focusing on people that are at the greatest risk of social exclusion. These groups include young people, older people, women, ethnic minorities and migrants, people with disabilities and the unemployed.

French, German
  • 13 Dec 2013
  • OECD
  • Pages: 144

The Baltic countries have experienced sustained emigration over the past decade, contributing to population decline and a loss of working-age population. The impact of this emigration is felt strongly in the labour market, the general economy and in social developments. How can countries deal with the impact of high levels of emigration? How to attract back emigrants? How best to benefit from the financial, social and human capital developed abroad? The Baltic countries are not alone in addressing these challenges, and this volume brings together the recent experience of Poland and Romania, as well as a wide range of OECD countries, in developing new policies to cope with emigration.

  • 03 Dec 2013
  • OECD
  • Pages: 108

Panorama de l’entrepreneuriat, un produit du Programme d’indicateurs de l’entrepreneuriat OCDE-Eurostat (PIE), présente une collection originale d’indicateurs destinés à mesurer l’état de l’entrepreneuriat accompagnée d’explications sur le contexte politique. Cette troisième édition présente un chapitre spécial sur le profil de l’entrepreneur, aussi bien que des séries chronologiques plus longues et des ventilations sectorielles pour les principaux indicateurs.

English

A partir de los Principios de la OCDE para fortalecer la integridad en la contratación pública (2008) y las buenas prácticas de organizaciones similares en otros países de la OCDE, el estudio aporta una evaluación integral de las estrategias, los sistemas y los processos de adquisición del ISSSTE.

English

How can citizens’ health and well-being be improved when public resources are limited? What practices allow hospitals and health clinics to get state of art medical equipment and medicine at the right price?

The OECD Procurement Review of the Mexican State’s Employees’ Social Security and Social Services Institute (ISSSTE) looks at the public entity responsible for providing medical and social services to Mexican civil servants. It provides a comprehensive assessment of its procurement function and how to improve it in order to enhance the overall efficiency and transparency of the organisation and the quality of the services it provides.

The review builds on the OECD Principles for Enhancing Integrity in Public Procurement, good practices of other health organisations as well as comparative data on public procurement in OECD countries.

Spanish

Las competencias se han convertido en la divisa global del siglo XXI. Sin una inversión adecuada en ellas, las personas languidecen al margen de la sociedad, el progreso tecnológico no se traduce en crecimiento económico y los países ya no pueden competir en una sociedad mundial basada cada vez más en los conocimientos. Pero esta divisa se devalúa a medida que las exigencias de los mercados laborales evolucionan y las personas pierden las competencias que no usan. La crisis económica mundial -con altos niveles de desempleo, en especial entre los jóvenes- ha vuelto más urgente el fomento de mejores competencias. Al mismo tiempo, también debe atenderse el aumento de la desigualdad de los ingresos, provocado en gran medida por la desigualdad de los salarios entre trabajadores muy competentes y poco competentes. La solución más prometedora a esos problemas es invertir eficazmente en las competencias a lo largo del ciclo de la vida: desde la primera infancia, durante la educación obligatoria, y a lo largo de la vida laboral. La Estrategia de Competencias de la OCDE brinda un marco estratégico para ayudar a los países para que comprendan más acerca de cómo invertir en las competencias de manera que estas transformen vidas y fomenten las economías. Asimismo, ayudará a los países a identificar las fortalezas y las debilidades de su banco existente de competencias nacionales y sistemas de competencias, compararlos internacionalmente y desarrollar políticas para mejorarlos. En particular, la estrategia establece las bases sobre las cuales los gobiernos puedan trabajar con eficacia con todas las partes interesadas: gobiernos nacionales, locales y regionales, empleadores, trabajadores y estudiantes.

Korean, German, English, Portuguese, French
  • 07 Aug 2013
  • OECD
  • Pages: 584

Les Impôts sur les salaires fournissent des données sans équivalent sur l’impôt sur le revenu dans les pays de l’OCDE. La publication traite de l’impôt sur le revenu et des cotisations de sécurité sociales versés par les salariés, des cotisations de sécurité sociale et des taxes sur les salaires versés par les employeurs et des prestations versées en espèce aux familles en emploi. Il s’agit d’illustrer comment ces taxes et prestations sont calculés dans chaque pays membre et d’examiner leurs impacts sur le revenu des ménages. Les résultats permettent aussi de faire des comparaisons internationales quantitatives des coûts de main-d’oeuvre et de la position globale vis-à-vis de l’impôt et des prestations des célibataires et des familles à différents niveaux de revenus.

La publication montre cette information pour huit types de ménages représentatifs dont la composition et le niveau du salaire diffèrent. Les résultats mettent aussi en évidence la pression fiscale moyenne et marginale qui s’exerce sur les ménages disposant d’un ou de deux salaires, ainsi que les coûts de main-d’oeuvre pour les employeurs. Les données sont largement utilisées pour la recherche universitaire, comme pour la préparation et l’évaluation des politiques économiques et sociales.

L'édition 2013 des Impôts sur les salaires inclut une étude spéciale intitulée « Progression des taux moyens de l’impôt sur le revenu des personnes physiques et du coin fiscal moyen dans les pays de l’OCDE».

Note. La partie III Informations détaillées par pays n’est disponible que dans la version anglaise de cette publication.

English
  • 16 Jul 2013
  • OECD
  • Pages: 270

The OECD Employment Outlook 2013  looks at labour markets in the wake of the crisis. It includes chapters on  the experience of different labour market groups since 2007; employment protection legislation; benefit systems, employment and training programmes and services; and re-employment, earnings and skills after job loss. As always, it includes an extensive statistical annex.

French
  • 16 Jul 2013
  • OECD
  • Pages: 302

Les Perspectives de l’emploi de l’OCDE 2013 examinent les marchés du travail au lendemain de la crise. Aujourd’hui encore, plus de 48 millions de personnes sont sans travail dans la zone de l’OCDE. Trouver le juste équilibre entre apporter aux chômeurs une nécessaire garantie de revenu et maintenir de fortes incitations à retrouver un emploi et aider les chômeurs dans leur effort de recherche d’emploi n’est pas tâche facile. L’édition de cette année des Perspectives tire des enseignements utiles d’un examen réalisé récemment par l’OCDE qui a porté sur les systèmes de prestations, les services de l’emploi, publics et privés, et les programmes d’emploi et de formation dans sept pays membres. En outre, les Perspectives observent la situation des jeunes et des travailleurs seniors sur les marchés du travail difficiles d’aujourd’hui, et font le point sur la protection de l’emploi dans les pays de l’OCDE et certaines économies émergentes. Le rapport s’achève sur une présentation des principaux résultats d’une nouvelle étude internationale consacrée aux cessations d’emploi involontaires consécutives à une restructuration, un transfert ou une cessation d’activité. Comme les années précédentes, on trouvera à la fin des Perspectives une annexe statistique développée réunissant les indicateurs clés du marché du travail.

English
  • 11 Jul 2013
  • OECD
  • Pages: 104

Entrepreneurship at a Glance, a product of the OECD-Eurostat Entrepreneurship Indicators Programme, presents an original collection of indicators for measuring the state of entrepreneurship, along with key facts and explanations of the policy context. This third issue features a special chapter on the profile of the entrepreneur, as well as longer time series and breakdowns by sector for the main indicators.

French
  • 11 Jul 2013
  • OECD
  • Pages: 230

This annual edition of Labour Force Statistics provides detailed statistics on population, labour force, employment and unemployment, broken down by gender, as well as unemployment duration, employment status, employment by sector of activity and part-time employment. It also contains participation and unemployment rates by gender and detailed age groups as well as comparative tables for the main components of the labour force. Data are available for each OECD Member country and for OECD-Total, Euro area and European Union. The time series presented in the publication cover 10 years for most countries. It also provides information on the sources and definitions used by Member countries in the compilation of those statistics.

French
  • 11 Jul 2013
  • OECD
  • Pages: 230

L'édition annuelle des Statistiques de la population active fournit des statistiques détaillées sur la population, la population active, l'emploi et le chômage, décomposées par sexe, situation dans la profession et secteur d'activité; il y a aussi des séries sur la durée du chômage et le travail à temps partiel. Pour chaque pays, les taux d'activité et de chômage sont ventilés par sexe et tranche d'âge. Des tableaux comparatifs permettent d'analyser les principales composantes de la population active. Les données y sont disponibles pour chaque pays Membre de l'OCDE et pour OCDE-Total, Zone euro et l'Union Européenne . Les séries chronologiques présentées sont disponibles sur dix ans pour la plupart des pays. Cette édition comprend également des informations sur les sources et définitions qu'utilisent les pays Membres pour compiler ces statistiques.

English
  • 21 Jun 2013
  • OECD
  • Pages: 164

The report discusses the results of the OECD “Leveraging Training and Skills Development in SMEs” (TSME) project which examines access to training by SMEs across seven regions in six OECD countries: New Zealand, Poland, Belgium, UK, Turkey and Canada. The book analyses the policy issues related to both low access by SMEs, and how to recognise the increasing importance of informal training and skills development methods. The book looks at how both formal and alternative ways of training and skills development interact and identifies impacts at three levels; for the firm and employees; for the industry; and for the local area where the firm is located.

The report pays special attention to the development of entrepreneurial skills and the emerging area of “green skills”. This focus is not just because ‘green skills’ represent the next new training opportunity – the de-carbonisation of economies that will occur over the coming decades represents an industrial transformation on the scale of the microelectronics revolution - but in many ways the response to the green economy is at an emerging stage- this means we have the opportunity to implement lessons from previous successful practices into a skill development area that will have enormous reach.

This report presents the OECD's assessment of recent developments in Israel in the area of labour market and social policy. It focuses on recent trends in poverty and employment outcomes and policy development to improve employment opportunities, especially for the Arab and Haredi communities.

  • 03 May 2013
  • OECD
  • Pages: 578

Taxing Wages provides unique information on the taxes paid on wages in OECD countries.   It covers personal income taxes and social security contributions paid by employees; social security contributions and payroll taxes paid by employers and cash benefits paid by in-work families.   The purpose is to illustrate how these taxes and benefits are calculated in each member country and to examine how they impact on household incomes.   The results also enable quantitative cross-country comparisons of labour cost levels and the overall tax and benefit position of single persons and families on different levels of earnings.

The publication shows this information for eight household types which vary by income level and household composition and the results reported include the marginal and average tax burdens for one and two earner families and the total labour costs of employers.  These data are widely used in academic research and in the preparation and evaluation of social and economic policy making.

Taxing Wages 2013 includes a special feature entitled: ‘Average personal income tax rate and tax wedge progression in OECD countries.

French

In Korea's dynamic labour market, job displacement (involuntary job loss due to firm closure or downsizing) affects many workers over the course of their working lives. Some workers are more vulnerable than others to this risk and may face long periods of unemployment/inactivity after displacement, particularly if their skills are not well-matched to emerging job opportunities. Even when they find new jobs, displaced workers tend to be paid less, have fewer benefits and are more likely to be overskilled than in the jobs they held prior to displacement. Helping displaced workers get back into good jobs quickly should be a key goal of labour market policy. To achieve this goal, Korea needs to increase resources devoted to re-employment programmes, such as job-search training and job matching, to improve their performance and better target those who need the most help. Existing training programmes need to be revised to ensure that people are obtaining skills that will help them find work. The social safety net also needs to be strengthened to lower the personal and societal costs of displacement, notably by improving the coverage of unemployment benefits.

  • 11 Apr 2013
  • OECD
  • Pages: 288

Geschlechtsspezifische Ungleichheiten machen sich in allen Bereichen des Wirtschaftslebens bemerkbar und bedeuten sowohl für die betroffenen Personen als auch für die Volkswirtschaft insgesamt hohe Verluste in Form von entgangener Produktivität und niedrigeren Lebensstandards. Dieser neue OECD-Bericht befasst sich mit Lösungsansätzen zur Beseitigung dieser geschlechtsspezifischen Ungleichheiten unter folgenden thematischen Gesichtspunkten: Geschlechtergleichstellung, soziale Normen und öffentliche Politik sowie Geschlechtergleichstellung in Bildung, Berufsleben und Unternehmertum.

Die Kernaussagen lauten:

? Die Verbesserung der Geschlechtergleichheit beim Bildungsniveau hat einen stark positiven Effekt auf das Wirtschaftswachstum.

? Geschlechterstereotypen muss schon im jungen Alter bei den Bildungsentscheidungen in der Schule entgegengewirkt werden. So sollten beispielsweise Unterrichtsmethoden und -materialien angepasst werden, um Jungen stärker für das Lesen und Mädchen stärker für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften zu begeistern; Mädchen sollten ermutigt werden, verstärkt naturwissenschaftliche, ingenieurwissenschaftliche und mathematische Studienfächer zu wählen und eine Berufstätigkeit in diesen Bereichen anzustreben.

? Gute und bezahlbare Kinderbetreuung ist ein ausschlaggebender Faktor für die Verbesserung der Geschlechtergleichstellung im Berufsleben. Veränderungen sind jedoch auch im familiären Kontext notwendig, da der überwiegende Teil der Hausarbeit und Kindererziehung in vielen Ländern immer noch von den Frauen geleistet wird. Diese Veränderungen können von der Politik unterstützt werden, beispielsweise durch Elternurlaubsregelungen, die Väter explizit einschließen.

? Fördermaßnahmen für Unternehmen in Frauenbesitz müssen auf alle Unternehmen, nicht nur auf Neugründungen und Kleinbetriebe, ausgerichtet werden. Es muss ein gleichberechtigter Zugang zu Finanzierungsmitteln für männliche und weibliche Unternehmer gewährleistet werden.

Spanish, English, Korean, French

The combined effects of the economic crisis and the recent popular uprisings in parts of the Middle East and North Africa have brought social and economic challenges back to the centre of attention of policy makers. For governments searching to create jobs, to satisfy the growing energy demand of their populations and to diversify their economies, the appeal of renewable energies is strong. However, the right policy framework and support need to be put in place if the region wants to attract private investment in the sector and reap the benefits of its favourable resource endowment, especially as regards solar and wind energy.

This report makes the case for a stronger deployment of renewables in the Middle East and North Africa and identifies the appropriate support policies required to stimulate the necessary private investment. An assessment of existing policy frameworks in the region and examples from OECD good practice are used as pointers to help guide policy makers in their choices.  

The analysis contained in this report suggests that support policies targeting the life cycle of renewable energy projects such as feed-in tariffs and power purchase agreements are more effective and less distortive than policies subsidising the initial investment, such as cost reductions. The optimal incentive scheme provides investors with stability through a guaranteed but declining minimum return while imposing enough market risk to foster technological progress.

  • 05 Mar 2013
  • OECD
  • Pages: 132
Tackling mental ill-health of the working-age population is becoming a key issue for labour market and social policies in OECD countries. OECD governments increasingly recognise that policy has a major role to play in keeping people with mental ill-health in employment or bringing those outside of the labour market back to it, and in preventing mental illness. This report on Sweden is the second in a series of reports looking at how the broader education, health, social and labour market policy challenges identified in Sick on the Job? Myths and Realities about Mental Health and Work (OECD, 2012) are being tackled in a number of OECD countries. It concludes that Swedish policy makers recognise the need to take steps to tackle mental ill-health and its labour market implications, but that a more comprehensive reform effort and a long-term commitment to it is needed in order to prevent problems from arising in the first place and respond more effectively when they do occur.
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