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• Foreword

  Trends Shaping Education 2016 provides an overview of key economic, social, demographic and technological trends and raises pertinent questions about their potential impact on education. This compilation makes use of a variety of robust international sources of data, including the OECD, the World Bank and the United Nations.

• Executive summary

  Did you ever wonder if education has a role to play in stemming the obesity epidemic sweeping across all OECD countries? Or what the impact of increasing urbanisation might be on our schools, families and communities? Or whether new technologies really are fundamentally changing the way our children think and learn?

• Overview: The impact of trends on the future of education

  Did you ever wonder if education has a role to play in stemming the obesity epidemic sweeping across all OECD countries? Or what the impact of increasing urbanisation might be on our schools, families and communities? Or whether new technologies really are fundamentally changing the way our children think and learn?

• Globalisation

  Globalisation trends: A visual overview – a display of the trends in this chapter and the connections between them. Global integration and governance – discusses the steady transition to more democratic governments worldwide and the global expansion of multinational companies. People on the move – focuses on the increase in the share of immigrants and the changing nature and authorisation of dual-citizenships. Interconnected financial markets – the increase in the share of foreign direct investment has been accompanied by a rise in exports, especially in middle-income countries. Increasing affluence, increasing inequality – as the income gap widens within regions, GDP per capita is widening between low-income, middle-income and OECD countries. The global threat of climate change – the rise in greenhouse gas emissions and the potential of renewable energies. Infographic: Globalisation and education – a visual exploration of the links between the trends in this chapter and education.

• The future of the nation state

  The future of the nation-state trends: A visual overview – a display of the trends in this chapter and the connections between them. Tightening the belt: Prioritising national spending – social expenditure has increased across all OECD countries as life expectancy increases, although retirement age has remained the same. Securing our national borders – illustrates the reductions in military expenditure associated with a parallel decline in the willingness to fight for one’s country. Women at work – reflects a larger female presence in the labour market, including in top managerial positions. Entrepreneurship and knowledge societies – examines government policies to incentivise entrepreneurship and a growing geographical dispersion of innovation. The picture of health – looks at old and new health challenges, such as Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes and obesity. Infographic: The nation-state and education – a visual exploration of the links between the trends in this chapter and education.

• Are cities the new countries?

  Are cities the new countries trends: A visual overview – a display of the trends in this chapter and the connections between them. Urban life – illustrates the continuing growth in urbanisation and the importance of cities to national economic and productivity growth. Thriving communities, engaged citizens – looks at the co-operation between citizens and local government and proactive citizen involvement. Innovation spaces – observes the growing role of cities as centres of innovation, productivity and exchange. A tale of many cities: Urban transport and safety – questions what makes cities more liveable through the lenses of efficient transport systems and security. Urban challenges – takes a look at dangers associated with city living, such as pollution and epidemics. Infographic: Cities and education – a visual exploration of the links between the trends in this chapter and education.

• Family matters

  Family matters trends: A visual overview – a display of the trends in this chapter and the connections between them. The marriage of the century? – looks at changing marriage structures such as the rise in the age at first marriage and the growing legal recognition of same-sex marriage. A helping hand for families – observes government policy interventions to support families such as increasing public expenditure on childcare and pre-primary education and maternity leave. Improving health and well-being – focuses on the decline in tobacco consumption and suicide rates. Keeping children safe and sound – considers improvements in certain aspects of child wellbeing, such as deaths due to accidental injury and time spent on homework. Balancing the books – examines trends that show that households across the OECD have experienced an increase in debt and young people are now the most vulnerable group to income poverty. Infographic: Families and education – a visual exploration of the links between the trends in this chapter and education.

• A brave new world

  A brave new world trends: A visual overview – a display of the trends in this chapter and the connections between them. At the touch of a button – brings together changing technological uses such as an increase in online purchases and online searches for health-related information. E-society and the iSelf – discusses the exponential rise in the number of Internet users and the variety of activities performed simultaneously by online users. Virtual reality – questions to what extent virtual reality influences the physical world, as world leaders, firms and individuals create their digital personas. Dial "C" for cybercrime – takes a look at emerging cyber-risks and the growing concern for protection from these threats. The future is now: The rise of the biotechnology – focuses on the growing biotechnology sector. Infographic: Technologies and education – a visual exploration of the links between the trends in this chapter and education.

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