This chapter reviews Chile’s recent significant rapid achievements in growing, developing and improving its tertiary education system. It then records a number of issues to be addressed if the Government of Chile is to reach its goal of giving fair and equal chances to its young people to benefit from a high quality, efficient and relevant high education system.

These issues are discussed from the perspective of different stakeholders and include: deficiencies in secondary education, which prepares many of the students poorly for tertiary education; a highly segmented, expensive tertiary system with excessively long university courses and high drop-out rates, and admission arrangements that perpetuate the inequalities in Chilean society; inadequate financial support for students, especially those from low-income backgrounds or entering technical education; lack of pathways and opportunities for progression between technical tertiary institutions and universities; inadequate study counselling and oldfashioned teaching with insufficient focus on economic needs and employers' expectations; and insufficient information, accountability and transparency. The review team notes the importance of improving the quality assurance system further, focussing research effort better and developing a shared vision and strategic planning at national level.