PISA Data Analysis Manual: SAS, Second Edition
The OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) surveys collected data on students’ performance in reading, mathematics and science, as well as contextual information on students’ background, home characteristics and school factors which could influence performance. This publication includes detailed information on how to analyse the PISA data, enabling researchers to both reproduce the initial results and to undertake further analyses. In addition to the inclusion of the necessary techniques, the manual also includes a detailed account of the PISA 2006 database. It also includes worked examples providing full syntax in SAS®.
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Plausible Values
Education assessments can have two major purposes:
1. To measure the knowledge and skills of particular students. The performance of each student usually will have an impact on his or her future (school career, admission to post-secondary education, and so on). It is therefore particularly important to minimise the measurement error associated with each individual’s estimate.
2. To assess the knowledge or skills of a population. The performance of individuals will have no impact on their school career or professional life. In such a case, the goal of reducing error in making inferences about the target population is more important than the goal of reducing errors at the individual level.
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