Positive attitudes among teachers are a key priority for policy-makers given evidence that teaching performance is perhaps the main driver of student learning. Teacher motivation is also important for promoting school reform. This chapter investigates what matters to teachers and how best to motivate them. Research on work motivation is used to shed light on how both “intrinsic” and “extrinsic” motivation can promote work outcomes such as performance, satisfaction, and well-being. The analysis stresses that motivation underpins the success of both teachers’ work and the introduction of any renewal in schools. The central message is that teachers’ actions need to be self-motivated, resulting from their acceptance of and identification with the values and objectives of practices and regulations in schools.