Our increasingly technology-rich world raises new possibilities and new concerns for education. First, technology can provide tools for improving the teaching and learning process, thereby opening new opportunities and avenues. In particular, it can enhance the customisation of the educational process by adapting it to the particular needs of the student. Second, as education prepares students for adult life, it must provide them with the skills they need to participate in a society that increasingly requires technology-related competences. The development of these competences, which are part of the set of the so-called 21st century competences, is becoming an integral part of the goals of compulsory education. Finally, in a knowledge economy driven by technology, people who do not master these competences may suffer from a new form of digital divide that may affect their capacity to fully participate in the knowledge economy and society.