The Turkish economy has grown by a third since the 2001 crisis. Far-reaching macroeconomic and structural reforms have helped to increase confidence, reduce risk premia and stimulate domestic and foreign investment. However, Turkey was one of the countries most affected by the decline in the risk appetite of the international financial markets earlier this year and a number of challenges must still be addressed to minimize the risk of falling back into a boom-bust cycle and to ensure that strong growth is sustainable. The priorities are to further strengthen fiscal, monetary and prudential policy institutions in order to make the economy more resilient to shocks, and to accelerate the pace of reform in labour, product and agricultural markets and in the social security and education systems in order to overcome the deep dualities which hinder the long-term growth performance.