Le Japon a bien résisté au double choc provoqué par la pandémie et la crise énergétique. Cependant, d’importantes difficultés liées à la faiblesse de la croissance mondiale, aux tensions géopolitiques et à l’inflation élevée montrent bien l’importance de renforcer la résilience de l’économie japonaise aux chocs. Dans un contexte marqué par une inflation qui est aujourd’hui supérieure à son objectif et par les pressions causées par la divergence des politiques monétaires entre le Japon et les pays comparables, les autorités ont commencé à ajuster les paramètres de leur politique monétaire. Compte tenu du niveau élevé de la dette publique, il est essentiel d’assainir les finances publiques en vue de reconstituer des marges de manœuvre budgétaires, en s’appuyant sur un cadre budgétaire à moyen terme crédible propre à inscrire le ratio dette/PIB sur une trajectoire clairement descendante. Toujours dans une optique de viabilité à long terme, le Japon devra réduire ses émissions de gaz à effet de serre, conformément aux objectifs fixés par les autorités nationales, en combinant investissements verts, mesures d’innovation et tarification du carbone. Il est par ailleurs essentiel de mettre en œuvre des réformes destinées à améliorer le cadre de l’innovation et les incitations destinées aux start-ups pour stimuler la productivité et remédier aux tensions liées au vieillissement démographique. La suppression des obstacles à l’emploi des femmes et des seniors ainsi qu’un recours accru à la main-d’œuvre étrangère sont également indispensables pour contrer l’évolution défavorable de la situation démographique. Le renforcement de la situation financière des jeunes et des mesures de soutien aux familles et aux enfants, notamment l’amélioration du congé parental, contribuerait à inverser la tendance à la baisse du taux de fécondité.
CHAPITRE THÉMATIQUE : FAIRE FACE AUX DIFFICULTÉS DÉMOGRAPHIQUES
This report presents developments of the work of the Inclusive Forum on Carbon Mitigation Approaches (IFCMA) to the G20 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors, and reflect on the IFCMA’s achievements one year on from its launch in February 2023.
This report presents developments of the work of the Inclusive Forum on Carbon Mitigation Approaches (IFCMA) since its official launch in February 2023.
This OECD report, prepared for the 2023 Japan Presidency of the G7, takes stock of the limitations of GDP as an economic indicator and provides an overview of initiatives to overcome them, both within the system of national accounts and through the development of multidimensional well-being dashboards. It also provides examples of efforts to better integrate multidimensional well-being concepts in policy strategy, design and implementation.
Le Cadre d'action de l'OCDE sur la sécurité numérique aborde la dimension économique et sociale de la cybersécurité, souligne l'approche de l'OCDE en matière de politiques publiques de sécurité numérique, et permet aux décideurs d'utiliser les Recommandations de l'OCDE dans ce domaine. Le Cadre identifie également les liens entre les normes de sécurité numérique et d'autres normes et outils de l'OCDE.
L'OCDE est à l'avant-garde des efforts internationaux pour guider les décideurs dans le domaine des politiques publiques de sécurité numérique depuis 1990. L'OCDE est devenue la première instance internationale normalisatrice dans ce domaine. Les Recommandations de l'OCDE sur la sécurité numérique soutiennent les parties prenantes dans l'élaboration de politiques visant la prospérité économique et sociale, en accord avec la mission de l'OCDE d'aider les gouvernements à élaborer des "politiques meilleures pour des vies meilleures".
Il est essentiel de traiter de manière constructive les subventions dans le commerce mondial pour atteindre l’objectif des dirigeants du G-20 qui consiste à réformer et à renforcer le système commercial multilatéral. Le recours croissant à des subventions ayant un effet de distorsion modifie les courants d’échanges et d’investissements, affaiblit la valeur des consolidations tarifaires et des autres engagements en matière d’accès aux marchés, et ébranle le soutien du public en faveur du libre-échange. Des divergences marquées sur les subventions contribuent aux tensions commerciales mondiales qui nuisent à la croissance et au niveau de vie.
Tratar las subvenciones del comercio mundial de manera constructiva es un elemento central del objetivo de los líderes del G20 de reformar y reforzar el sistema multilateral de comercio. La utilización cada vez mayor de subvenciones causantes de distorsión altera los flujos comerciales y de inversión, menoscaba el valor de las consolidaciones arancelarias y otros compromisos de acceso a los mercados y erosiona el apoyo público al libre comercio. Las pronunciadas diferencias en torno a las subvenciones están contribuyendo a las tensiones comerciales mundiales, que perjudican al crecimiento y los niveles de vida.
In spite of progress made to date and the significant long-term ambition announced by many countries, climate policy actions remain insufficient to meet the Paris Agreement objectives. While several international initiatives aim to track and monitor climate policies, there is not yet a “go to” place for a comprehensive inventory of policy actions and best practices worldwide. Such a platform would also ideally serve to compare policies’ effectiveness reflecting the diversity of country circumstances. Progress in this direction would help to promote an ambitious but globally more coherent and better-coordinated approach to emission reductions through a broad range of policies. This report lays out a roadmap for data and analytical work to support this aim, with a view to enhancing global dialogue and building trust on issues spanning climate change mitigation policies and their macro-economic repercussions. Key elements to strengthen the assessment and comparison of countries’ climate change mitigation policies across countries include: broadening and deepening the stocktaking of mitigation policies; extending and agreeing on an operational methodology for estimating the impact of these policies on emissions and on potential metrics to compare them; and assessing the broader economic effects of different climate policies.
The OECD Policy Framework on Digital Security charts the economic and social dimension of cybersecurity, highlights the OECD approach to digital security policy and equips policymakers to use OECD digital security Recommendations in developing better policies. The Framework also identifies linkages with other policy areas addressed through existing OECD standards and tools.
The OECD has been at the forefront of international efforts on guiding policy makers in the area of digital security since 1990 and has become the primary international standard setter in this area. OECD Recommendations on digital security support stakeholders in developing digital security policies for economic and social prosperity, in line with the OECD’s mandate to help governments develop “better policies for better lives”.
As data become an important resource for the global economy, it is important to strengthen trust to facilitate data sharing domestically and across borders. Significant momentum for related policies in the G7, and G20, has gone hand in hand with a wide range of – often complementary – national and international initiatives and the development of technological and organisational measures. Advancing a common understanding and dialogue among G7 countries and beyond is crucial to support coordinated and coherent progress in policy and regulatory approaches that leverage the full potential of data for global economic and social prosperity. This report takes stock of key policies and initiatives on cross-border data flows to inform and support G7 countries’ engagement on this policy agenda.
The OECD Recommendation on Children in the Digital Environment provides guidance for governments and other stakeholders on putting in place policies and procedures to empower and protect children in the digital environment. The Recommendation was developed in recognition that the digital environment is a fundamental part of children’s daily lives, and that strong policy frameworks are needed to both protect children from any potential harm, and to help them realise the opportunities that it can bring.
This companion document aims to assist governments and other stakeholders in implementing the Recommendation. It expands upon the context in which the Recommendation was developed, and considers in detail specific aspects of the Recommendation, in particular different stakeholders and their roles (e.g. parents, governments, digital service providers) as well as key underlying concepts such as children’s privacy, digital literacy and child safety by design.
Dealing constructively with subsidies in global commerce is central to G20 leaders’ goal of reforming and strengthening the multilateral trading system. The growing use of distortive subsidies alters trade and investment flows, detracts from the value of tariff bindings and other market access commitments, and undercuts public support for open trade. Sharp differences over subsidies are contributing to global trade tensions that are harming growth and living standards.
This report seeks to highlight the potential benefits of closer cooperation and considers some areas where this might be pursued constructively by governments or other international organizations. This report aims to begin a discussion within the international community on how to develop and implement such an agenda.
Face à des mutations rapides et à une forte incertitude, les organisations doivent se préparer à l’imprévu. Le présent rapport étudie trois scénarios – Un monde à voies multiples, Des mondes virtuels, et Un monde vulnérable – ainsi que leurs possibles implications pour l’avenir de la collaboration mondiale et pour des organisations telles que l’OCDE. Il passe en revue des mutations et des tendances qui pourraient influer sur l’évolution du monde dans les quinze prochaines années, et propose des réflexions stratégiques ainsi que des pistes d'action possibles visant à assurer l’agilité, la résilience et la préparation de l’Organisation à l'avenir. Préparé par l’Unité de prospective stratégique de l’OCDE à l’occasion de la célébration du 60e anniversaire de l’Organisation, ce rapport a pour objet de stimuler le dialogue entre tous ceux qui souhaitent contribuer à préparer l’OCDE à faire face aux besoins en constante évolution de la communauté internationale dans le contexte d'un avenir hautement incertain et dynamique.
In the face of rapid change and high uncertainty, organisations must prepare for the unexpected. This report explores three scenarios – Multitrack World, Virtual Worlds, and Vulnerable World – and their possible implications for the future of global collaboration and for organisations such as the OECD. It includes emerging changes and trends that could affect the world in unpredictable ways over the next fifteen years, and offers potential strategic considerations and action areas aimed at ensuring the OECD’s agility, resilience and future-readiness. Prepared by the OECD’s Strategic Foresight Unit to commemorate the Organisation’s 60th anniversary, the report is intended to stimulate dialogue among all those sharing an interest in preparing the OECD to meet the evolving needs of the global community in the face of a highly dynamic and uncertain future.
This report, published in the 60th anniversary of the Asian Productivity Organization (APO) and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), is the first outcome of their collaboration to develop improved and more comparable productivity statistics across APO and OECD member economies.
It explores current practices and challenges in productivity measurement and provides recommendations to National Productivity Organisations (NPOs), National Statistics Offices (NSOs), and other agencies involved in the compilation and analysis of productivity statistics in APO member economies to improve measurement and cross-country comparability.
La OCDE se apoya en 60 años de experiencia para ayudar a los gobiernos a desarrollar políticas que aseguren una vida mejor a los ciudadanos de todo el mundo. El objetivo de la Organización es elaborar políticas que promuevan la prosperidad, la sostenibilidad, la inclusión y el bienestar para todos. Este folleto, creado con motivo del 60 aniversario de la creación de la OCDE, muestra el camino recorrido y aquello en lo que la Organización se ha convertido a día de hoy.
Para más información sobre el 60 aniversario de la OCDE puede visitar https://www.oecd.org/60-years/.
L'OCDE s'appuie sur 60 ans d'expérience pour aider les gouvernements à élaborer des politiques qui assureront une vie meilleure aux populations du monde entier. L’objectif de l’Organisation est d’élaborer des politiques qui favorisent la prospérité, la durabilité, l'inclusivité et le bien-être de tous. Cette brochure, créée à l'occasion du 60e anniversaire de la création de l'OCDE, montre le chemin parcouru et ce que l'organisation est devenue aujourd'hui.
The OECD draws on 60 years of experience to help governments develop policies that will ensure better lives for people around the world. The goal of the Organisation is to shape policies that foster prosperity, sustainability, inclusiveness and well-being for all. This brochure, created for the 60th anniversary of the creation of the OECD, shows the journey travelled and what the organisation has become today.
For more information about the 60th anniversary of the OECD you can visit https://www.oecd.org/60-years.
Bridging Divides is the theme of OECD Forum 2017. After many years of global interaction, exchange and progress, driven by a potent mixture of reform, economic transition, emerging markets and technological innovation, divisions have again begun to erupt in OECD countries. Some of these income, social, cultural and geographical divides have been lurking for some time, but have deepened since the financial crisis started in 2008. Indeed, lately there has been a backlash against international co-operation and globalism, and a resurgence of protectionist, even nationalist, policies.
All of this poses challenges for key global agreements on climate and sustainable development, and risks dashing the hopes for progress of people everywhere. What should policymakers do to help bridge these dangerous divides, and make the global economy work better for everyone? What promise does digitalisation hold for bridging economic, social and geographical divides? What must be done to bring people and institutions closer together? How can facts, knowledge and positive narratives be marshalled to beat back fake news and post-truths, and restore faith and confidence in the value of international co-operation, openness and world progress?
In OECD Yearbook 2017, OECD experts are joined by thought leaders from government, business, labour, academia and civil society to examine these and other questions facing our societies today.