1887

Browse by: "2015"

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  • 31 Dec 2015
  • Brian Keeley
  • Pages: 192

La balanza del poder económico está inclinándose hacia el otro lado. Los países que antes eran pobres ahora se están convirtiendo en dinamos económicos. No obstante, la pobreza persiste en todo el mundo y priva a miles de millones de personas de lo más fundamental, y de la posibilidad de lograr una vida mejor. ¿Cómo estamos respondiendo a este reto? Este libro explora el mundo multifacético de la ayuda y la cooperación para el desarrollo, toda una serie de iniciativas globales, y a veces controvertidas, encaminadas a amortiguar el impacto de la pobreza. Rastrea la historia de estas iniciativas, explica su origen y su destino, y pregunta si están logrando tanto como pudieran. También analiza algunas de las maneras en las que se pueden volver más eficaces mediante la buena gobernanza, y la creación de alianzas más profundas entre los países desarrollados y en desarrollo. Asimismo, estudia de qué modo el ascenso económico de países como China e India está propiciando una nueva dinámica en la cooperación para el desarrollo.

ÍNDICE
1. Introducción
2. La persistencia de la pobreza
3. ¿Qué es la ayuda?
4. Cambios en los objetivos y motivos del desarrollo
5. ¿Estamos logrando resultados?
6. Cambios en las relaciones y las políticas
7. La gobernanza sí es importante
8. Los nuevos socios para el desarrollo
Bibliografía

English, French
  • 31 Dec 2015
  • Jean-Yves Huwart, Loïc Verdier
  • Pages: 159

Esta publicación examina los momentos decisivos en la historia de la integración económica, y de manera específica, su ritmo acelerado a partir de la década de los noventa. Asimismo considera su impacto en cuatro áreas cruciales como son el empleo, el desarrollo, el medio ambiente y la estabilidad financiera.

¿La globalización impulsa el desarrollo o acentúa la desigualdad? ¿Genera empleo o elimina puestos de trabajo? ¿Perjudica al medio ambiente u ofrece mecanismos para preservarlo? ¿Nos dirigimos a una desglobalización o de hecho la globalización posibilita la recuperación?

ÍNDICE
1. Introducción
2. El comerciante, el inventor y el soberano
3. Una integración económica creciente en un mundo dividido
4. ¿Una aldea global o semiglobal?
5. ¿La globalización promueve el desarrollo?
6. ¿La globalización beneficia al empleo?
7. ¿Cuál es el impacto de la globalización sobre el medio ambiente?
8. La crisis financiera de 2008, ¿una crisis de la globalización?
Bibliografía

French, German, English
  • 31 Dec 2015
  • Patrick Love, Ralph Lattimore
  • Pages: 201

El comercio internacional afecta el precio y la disponibilidad de casi todo lo que compramos. Interviene también en muchas esferas, entre ellas, los empleos, el medio ambiente y la lucha contra la pobreza. A su vez, el comercio es afectado por diversos factores, desde los recursos naturales hasta la moda. La OCDE es la principal fuente de información, análisis y asesoría sobre política respecto a temas comerciales. A partir de esta amplia experiencia, en Esenciales OCDE: Comercio internacional, se señala que rara vez, por no decir que nunca, se ha logrado o sostenido la prosperidad sin el comercio. Sin embargo, el comercio por sí solo no basta. Para promover el bienestar y resolver los retos planteados por una economía globalizada, se requieren políticas orientadas al empleo, la educación, la salud y otros asuntos.
“La OCDE es una de las fuentes principales de análisis profundo de las cuestiones actuales del comercio. También desempeña un papel al divulgar hábilmente los hallazgos de los escritos menos accesibles sobre el comercio. Esta breve obra es una adición valiosa a dicho esfuerzo y que los responsables de las políticas deberían tener a la mano.”
-Jagdish Bhagwati, Columbia University

ÍNDICE
1. Introducción
2. Cultivo de uvas en Escocia
3. Estado del comercio mundial
4. ¿Proteccionismo? Aranceles y otras barreras al comercio
5. Rondas de negociaciones de comercio y la Organización Mundial del Comercio
6. Comercio y empleo
7. Comercio y el medio ambiente
8. Comercio y desarrollo
9. Comercio y crecimiento
10. Comercio e innovación
11. ¿Qué gano yo con esto?
Bibliografía

French, German, English

This review analyses public governance in the Slovak Republic and provides recommendations to support ongoing comprehensive public administration reform. The analysis is structured around five key areas: the centre of government’s capacity to steer and lead policy development and implementation; analytical and evaluation capacities; human resources management and civil service; e-government; transparency and integrity in the public administration. The review identifies two main themes running through these five areas: The first is the need for more effective whole-of-government co-ordination of strategy-setting and implementation, led by the centre of government. The second is the need to generate and use evidence more effectively when making decisions.

Slovak
  • 18 Dec 2015
  • OECD
  • Pages: 76

Ageing has a wide range of impacts on individuals and society as a whole. But the consequences for health care, working life, income and well-being in general are not always what many people imagine. OECD Insights: Ageing: Debate the Issues discusses the problems, challenges, and opportunities that ageing brings to citizens and governments in developed and developing countries. Experts on demography, medical research, pensions, employment and other domains from inside and outside the OECD present their latest analyses and views on one of the most important trends shaping our societies.

French, Spanish
  • 15 Dec 2015
  • Brian Keeley
  • Pages: 120

Income inequality is rising. A quarter of a century ago, the average disposable income of the richest 10% in OECD countries was around seven times higher than that of the poorest 10%; today, it’s around 9½ times higher. Why does this matter? Many fear this widening gap is hurting individuals, societies and even economies. This book explores income inequality across five main headings. It starts by explaining some key terms in the inequality debate. It then examines recent trends and explains why income inequality varies between countries. Next it looks at why income gaps are growing and, in particular, at the rise of the 1%. It then looks at the consequences, including research that suggests widening inequality could hurt economic growth. Finally, it examines policies for addressing inequality and making economies more inclusive.

Spanish, French
  • 14 Dec 2015
  • OECD
  • Pages: 320

L’économie numérique touche désormais un très grand nombre d’aspects de l’économie mondiale, comprenant des secteurs aussi variés que la banque, la vente au détail, l’énergie, le transport, l’éducation, l’édition, les médias ainsi que la santé.

Les technologies de l’information et des communications transforment la manière dont évoluent les  interactions sociales et les relations personnelles, avec la convergence des réseaux fixes, mobiles et de radiodiffusion et aussi des appareils qui sont de plus en plus connectés pour former l’Internet des objets.
Cette publication aide les pays à évaluer comment optimiser le potentiel de l’économie numérique en tant que levier d’innovation et de croissance inclusive. Elle examine également les évolutions de l’économie numérique ainsi que les défis émergents dont les décideurs doivent tenir compte dans le cadre des stratégies numériques nationales. Les chapitres de la publication comprennent un survol de l’état actuel et futur de l’économie numérique; les principales tendances dans le secteur des TIC et les évolutions de la politique publique et de la réglementation des communications; la demande et l’adoption des TIC et les effets de l’économie numérique sur la croissance et le développement. Ce volume contient également un chapitre sur la confiance dans l’économie numérique et un chapitre sur l’Internet des objets.

 

English, Spanish
  • 14 Dec 2015
  • OECD
  • Pages: 96

National Accounts at a Glance presents information using an "indicator" approach, focusing on cross-country comparisons. The aim being to make the national accounts more accessible and informative, whilst, at the same time, taking the opportunity to present the conceptual underpinning of, and comparability issues inherent in, each of the indicators presented.

The range of indicators reflects the richness inherent in the national accounts dataset and encourages users to refocus some of the spotlight that is often placed on gross domestic product (GDP) to other economic important indicators, which may better respond to their needs. The publication is broken down into eight key chapters, and provides indicators related to GDP, income, disposable income, expenditure, production, household, government, corporations and capital respectively.

French
  • 11 Dec 2015
  • OECD
  • Pages: 120

This book addresses the rising productivity gap between the global frontier and other firms, and identifies a number of structural impediments constraining business start-ups, knowledge diffusion and resource allocation (such as barriers to up-scaling and relatively high rates of skill mismatch).

Analysis based on micro and industry-level data highlights the importance of reallocation-friendly policies, including well-functioning product, labour and risk capital markets, efficient judicial systems, bankruptcy laws that do not excessively penalise failure, housing policies that do not unduly restrict labour mobility, and improvements in public funding and organisation of basic research which do not excessively favour applied vs basic research and incumbents vs young firms.

  • 08 Dec 2015
  • OECD
  • Pages: 316

Im OECD-Wirtschaftsausblick analysiert die OECD zweimal jährlich die wichtigsten wirtschaftlichen Trends und die Aussichten für die kommenden zwei Jahre. Der Wirtschaftsausblick liefert einen in sich stimmigen Satz von Projektionen zu gesamtwirtschaftlicher Produktion, Beschäftigung, Preisentwicklung, Haushaltssalden und Leistungsbilanzen.
Diese Analysen und Projektionen erstrecken sich auf alle OECD-Mitgliedsländer sowie ausgewählte Nichtmitgliedsländer. Die vorliegende Ausgabe enthält eine allgemeine Beurteilung der Wirtschaftslage, ein Sonderkapitel zum Klimawandel, ein Kapitel mit Zusammenfassungen und entsprechenden Projektionen der Entwicklung in den einzelnen Ländern sowie einen umfassenden Statistischen Anhang.

English, French
  • 02 Dec 2015
  • OECD
  • Pages: 336

Cette édition des Perspectives économiques de l’OCDE analyse la situation économique actuelle et examine les politiques économiques à mettre en œuvre pour favoriser une reprise soutenue dans les pays membres. Cette édition présente des perspectives jusqu’à fin 2017, pour les pays de l’OCDE et pour certaines économies non membres. Complétées par un large éventail de statistiques au niveau international, les Perspectives économiques de l’OCDE constituent un instrument sans équivalent pour suivre les évolutions économiques mondiales.

English, German
  • 02 Dec 2015
  • OECD
  • Pages: 312

This OECD Economic Outlook analyses the current economic situation and examines the economic policies required to foster a sustained recovery in member countries. The present issue covers the outlook to end 2017 for both OECD countries and selected non OECD economies. Together with a wide range of cross-country statistics, the Outlook provides a unique tool to keep abreast of world economic developments.

German, French
  • 01 Dec 2015
  • OECD
  • Pages: 124

This 2015 OECD Economic Survey of Switzerland examines recent economic developments, policies and prospects. The special chapters cover: Policies to tame the housing cycle and Raising public spending efficiency.

French
  • 01 Dec 2015
  • OECD
  • Pages: 136

L'Étude économique de l'OCDE pour la Suisse 2015 examine les récents développements économiques, politiques, et les perspectives et jette un regard plus détaillé sur les Politiques visant à maîtriser le cycle du marché du logement et Accroître l'efficience des dépenses publiques.

English
  • 25 Nov 2015
  • OECD
  • Pages: 108

This 2015 OECD Economic Survey of Chile examines recent economic developments, policies and prospects. The special chapter cover: Bringing all Chileans on board.

  • 18 Nov 2015
  • Korea Institute of Public Finance, OECD
  • Pages: 256

Intergovernmental fiscal institutions are the overarching framework for relations across government levels. They comprise the constitutional set up of a country; the division of power between government levels; the prevalence of fiscal rules across government levels; intergovernmental budget frameworks; the role of independent bodies such as fiscal councils in shaping fiscal relations; the inter-ministerial organisation of fiscal decision making; and other framework conditions shaping intergovernmental fiscal relations and fiscal policy. This book brings together academics and practitioners dealing with or being involved in shaping the institutions of intergovernmental fiscal relations. It has an interdisciplinary focus and provides insight from various academic or practitioners’ fields: economists, political scientists, budget management specialists and others.

For most countries in the OECD, 2015 is the seventh or eighth year of dealing with the budgetary consequences of the economic and financial crisis. These years have been marked by challenges of fiscal retrenchment of a scale and nature unprecedented in modern times. Previous OECD publications have tracked the fiscal policy responses adopted by OECD governments during the early years of the crisis (2007-2012). This book takes stock of how these responses have evolved and in recent years, up to 2014/15. Two points are apparent from the outset: the response to the crisis has had repercussions for virtually every aspect of budgetary governance; and there are clear lessons for governments about the conduct of fiscal policy – including in its institutional aspects – that should inform future decisions and the agenda of budgetary reform.

  • 04 Nov 2015
  • OECD
  • Pages: 120

This 2015 OECD Economic Survey of Brazil examines recent economic developments, policies and prospects. The special chapters cover: Strengthening the industrial sector and Improving health policies.

  • 02 Nov 2015
  • OECD
  • Pages: 140


The review analyses key areas of public governance in Costa Rica and identifies opportunities to improve the performance of the state in order to ensure more effective and efficient service delivery for all citizens. It examines co-ordination at the centre of government, public policy monitoring and evaluation and the use of the budget framework for strategic planning. It also looks at human resource management, integrity policies and public procurement, and multi-level governance. The review provides recommendations to assist the government in strengthening the capacity of the public sector to support social and economic development.

  • 29 Oct 2015
  • OECD, World Health Organization
  • Pages: 370

A growing body of evidence from economic studies shows areas where appropriate policies can generate health and other benefits at an affordable cost, sometimes reducing health expenditure and helping to redress health inequalities at the same time. The evidence is especially strong for policies to curb tobacco smoking and harmful alcohol use, while gaps still exist in the evidence base on tackling unhealthy diets and lack of physical activity, as well as environmental exposures and road accidents. The book underscores the importance of taking a whole-of-government and whole-of-society approach in addressing the rising tide of non-communicable diseases.

 

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