The main current uses of biotechnology for agriculture and related natural resources (ANR) are for plant and animal breeding and diagnostics, with a few applications in veterinary medicine. This encompasses the use of both transgenic and non-transgenic biotechnologies. This study provides an overview of the current state of technological development and, through an analysis of quantitative data related to R&D pipelines and the current literature, presents estimates and projections for the types of biotechnologies expected to reach the market for use in ANR to 2015. The trends indicate that several novel agronomic and product quality traits will reach the market for a growing number of crops. Biotechnologies other than genetic modification (GM) will also be used to improve livestock for dairy and meat. Socioeconomic issues, such as market concentration and public acceptance, are also examined to further refine the analysis of issues that will influence biotechnological developments and adoption for ANR. These results point to a future for ANR where biotechnologies play a substantially larger role than today. This will be visible in an increased use of biotechnologies for a wider range of plants and animals, and the active involvement of a growing number of countries in the development of biotechnologies.