Throughout history, trade has helped to transform economies, reshaping the division of wealth and power. More recently, fragmented production chains offer developing countries the opportunity to enter international markets through specialisation in specific tasks and intermediate products. In addition, the international community has taken steps to make the world trading system more equitable and expanded World Trade Organization (WTO) membership to include most developing countries, most recently Yemen. The WTO Bali Ministerial in December 2013 concluded with several decisions which will further accelerate the integration of poorer countries into the world economy. The Aid-for-Trade Initiative helps to underwrite this progress by assisting developing countries to analyse, implement and adjust to trade agreements and to build their supply-side capacity and infrastructure to compete internationally.This chapter also includes an opinion piece by Roberto Azevêdo, Director‑General of the World Trade Organization, on how the full potential of trade for development is yet to be tapped.