There is evidence that national development strategies have been strengthened since 2005, and the principle of partner ownership has gained greater prominence and acceptance. However, this chapter emphasises that while ownership has increased, it often remains narrowly based within partner countries. There is a generalised weakness in making national strategies operational (in particular in linking the vision to budgets and to operational measures), and in strengthening results-orientation. While there are signs of progress towards fulfilling the Paris Declaration commitments on ownership, it is uneven among partners and donors. If current trends continue, the 2010 targets will not be fully achieved. Many partners and donors call for clearer definition and measurement of ownership, tailored to local conditions.