Social spending has been above its pre-pandemic level
Social protection lacks coverage
Transfers targeting could be improved
Financial disincentives to return to work remain high for minimum wage earners
Labour markets remained historically tight
The drivers of labour utilisation vary across groups of countries
Gender inequalities in labour market outcomes persist
Weak labour productivity underpinned the decline in potential output
Differences in labour productivity across countries are mostly driven by TFP gaps
Meeting 2030 emission reduction targets remains challenging
Carbon emissions remain under-priced
Green bonds issuance remains modest in many countries
Digital adoption differs across countries and tools¹
Disparities in connectivity remain large across countries
Regulatory barriers on communications could be eased further
Generic digital skills could be improved
The importance of work-based learning is varying across countries
The uptake of digital government services remains low in some countries
Illustrative productivity gains for firms from an increase in digital government use
Global trade integration remains high
Foreign dependencies vary across OECD countries
The geographic concentration of intermediate goods exports is high in some sectors
The geographic concentration of production is also very high for individual products
Energy import dependence is high in many OECD countries
Concentration of production of critical raw materials is high
Centrality differs across countries and sectors
Companies' intentions and implemented actions to boost supply-chain resilience