This chapter highlights key challenges related to investment and co-operation in agricultural innovation. The public sector continues to be the main source of funding for agriculture R&D, whether performed by public or private organisations. The chapter provides an overview of the diversity of sources for public funding of R&D activities in Colombia, which are complemented by significant contributions from parafiscal funds (producer associations’ commodity funds) and royalties, and highlights the challenges as regards their co-ordination. It goes on to look at the mechanisms through which funds are being allocated. There is also a discussion of mechanisms facilitating the sharing of knowledge and co-operation at national and international level.