This chapter looks at how the conditions and policies for global agriculture have changed since the major international agreements of 2008, how work done in OECD up to 2008 may be relevant to current negotiations, and where new analyses may be needed. Section 2 looks at developments in international markets for agricultural products. The evolution of the policy landscape is considered in Section 3, as well as how it relates to commitments under the Agreement on Agriculture and potential future commitments along the lines agreed in 2008 for the Doha Development Agenda (DDA). Section 4 reviews relevant OECD work on market and trade impacts of agricultural policies, while implications for achieving optimal policy performance are briefly summarised in Section 5. Some possible implications for the post-Bali negotiations on agriculture are suggested in Section 6. A few issues that might benefit from future analysis are proposed in Section 7.