The Agri-environmental Footprint Index (AFI) aims to assess the environmental performance of farms under agri-environmental schemes (AESs) by combining existing agri-environmental indicators and multi-criterion decision analysis. A variant of the AFI approach, developed to address AESs in Greece, was applied to two different farming systems under AES regimes (organic farming in extensive olive groves and nitrate pollution reduction in intensive arable crop cultivation), to compare the environmental performance of participating and nonparticipating farms. No significant differences in environmental performance between the two groups of farms were found. Moreover, the AESs in both cases appear to lack full additionality. When AES outcomes are assessed against the environmental objectives pursued, outcomes are in line with the policy aims in the case of organic farming, whereas for the arable farms, any benefits accruing seem to be mainly collateral.