Primary agriculture’s contribution to the economy is rapidly declining [1, 2]. Between 1990 and 2005 agriculture’s contribution to GDP and employment more than halved to 2.7% and 5.7% respectively [1, 3] (Figure 3.13.1). The past decade has been characterised by farm families increasing participation in the non-farming activities of the rural economy [4]. Agricultural production is intensifying on a reduced area of land and concentrated on fewer farms [1]. Over the period 1990-92 to 2002-04 the volume of agricultural production rose by over 1%, but the total area farmed declined by 2.6% (Figure 3.13.2). Nearly 45% of farms are less than 20 hectares in area and over 40% of farmers work part-time [1]. Between 1991 and 2003 agricultural productivity (gross value added per employee annual average) grew by 3.2%, compared to 3.4% for the whole economy, partly reflecting the substitution of labour by purchased inputs [5]. The volume of purchased farm inputs rose over the period 1990-92 to 2002-04: inorganic nitrogen fertiliser by +1%; pesticides +5%; and direct on-farm energy consumption by +37%; although inorganic phosphate fertiliser use fell by –31% (Figure 3.13.2).