Sao Tome and Principe
Small island developing states (SIDS) are among the most vulnerable countries to the impacts of the coronavirus (COVID-19) crisis, which is disrupting key economic sectors that SIDS’ undiversified and already fragile economies strongly rely upon. While they are succeeding to contain the health emergency, SIDS are faced with severe economic impacts which require bold government action and adequate international support. This policy brief: (i) highlights the impacts of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic across SIDS; (ii) provides an overview of the support delivered by development co-operation providers to face the crisis; and (iii) provides suggestions to ensure that international support can lead to a fast and sustainable recovery in SIDS: a ‘blue’ recovery.
A economia de São Tomé e Príncipe cresceu 4,9% em 2011, que compara com 4,5% em 2010. O crescimento foi impulsionado pelos setores de serviços, transportes, construção e obras públicas e comércio a retalho. Em 2012, registou-se um ligeiro decréscimo na taxa de crescimento para 4,0%, em resultado de uma redução do investimento directo estrangeiro (IDE) e do consumo privado e público. O crescimento real do Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) deverá ser de 5,2% em 2013 e de 5,8% em 2014, graças a um aumento do IDE, a prémios de assinatura de contractos petrolíferos e à implementação de grandes projectos nacionais de infraestruturas, com destaque para o porto de águas profundas.
L’économie de São Tomé-et-Principe avait affiché une croissance de 4.9 % en 2011, contre 4.5 % en 2010, tirée par plusieurs secteurs : services, transports, bâtiment et travaux publics (BTP) et vente de détail. En 2012, les autorités du pays ont fait état d’un léger ralentissement, à 4 %, dû à une baisse de l’investissement direct étranger (IDE) ainsi que de la consommation privée et publique. La croissance du produit intérieur brut (PIB) réel devrait ressortir à 5.2 % en 2013 et à 5.8 % en 2014, grâce à une expansion de l’IDE, au bonus de signature dans le secteur pétrolier et au lancement des grands projets d’infrastructure nationaux, en particulier la construction d’un port en eau profonde.
The economy in São Tomé and Príncipe grew by 4.9% in 2011 compared with 4.5% in 2010. The growth was driven by the service, transport, construction and retail sectors. In 2012 the government reported a slight decrease in the growth rate to 4.0%, the result of a reduction in foreign direct investment (FDI) and private and public consumption. Real gross domestic product (GDP) growth is projected to be 5.2% and 5.8% in 2013 and 2014, respectively, thanks to an increase in FDI, the oil signature bonus and the inception of the country’s major infrastructure projects, notably the deep-water seaport.
São Tomé et Principe, situé sur l’Équateur au large de la côte de l’Afrique occidentale, est le plus petit pays d’Afrique en termes de population. Son produit intérieur brut (PIB) est estimé à 253 millions de dollars (USD) en 2011, soit 1 222 USD par habitant. Le pays est considéré comme une nation fragile, selon les résultats harmonisés de la Banque africaine de développement (BAfD) et les évaluations de la Banque mondiale. Sa vulnérabilité aux chocs extérieurs s'accompagne d'une forte dépendance à l'égard de l’agriculture et de l’aide publique au développement (APD). En 2011, la croissance du PIB réel a enregistré une légère baisse, estimée à 4.3 % (contre 4.5 % en 2010). Elle est tirée par les secteurs de la construction, de la consommation, du commerce de détail, du tourisme et des mines. Le secteur des services domine l’économie, représentant 48.6 % du PIB en 2011 (contre 60 % en 2010). Il emploie près de 60 % de la population active. Les secteurs industriels et agricoles ont contribué chacun à 20 % du PIB. Depuis 2009, le gouvernement progresse dans la réforme de la gestion des finances publiques. Le pays s'est classé 12ème sur 53 pays dans l’indice Mo Ibrahim de gouvernance en Afrique publié en 2011.
São Tomé e Príncipe (STP), localizado no Equador ao largo da costa da África Ocidental, é o país africano com menor população, com um Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) estimado de 253 milhões de USD e um PIB per capita de 1.222 USD em 2011. O país é considerado um estado frágil de acordo com a pontuação harmonizada do Banco Africano de Desenvolvimento (BAfD) e da Política do País e Avaliação Institucional (CPIA) do Banco Mundial, situada abaixo de 3.2 em 2010. A sua vulnerabilidade a choques exógenos é acompanhada pela alta dependência da agricultura e da ajuda pública ao desenvolvimento (APD). O sector de serviços tem sido, até agora, a força dominante na economia, representando cerca de 60% do PIB em 2010 e 48.6% em 2011 e empregando cerca de 60% da força de trabalho. Os sectores da indústria e da agricultura contribuíram cada um com 20% para o PIB (Tabela 2). De acordo com as estimativas, o crescimento real do PIB baixou ligeiramente para 4.3% em 2011, contra 4.5% em 2010. O crescimento económico global foi impulsionado principalmente pela construção, o consumo, o turismo, o comércio a retalho e o sector mineiro. Desde 2009, o Governo tem feito progressos significativos na reforma da gestão das finanças públicas. O conjunto de medidas implementadas levou o país a ocupar o 12º lugar entre 53 países no Índice Mo Ibrahim 2011 de Governação Africana.
São Tomé and Principe (STP), located on the Equator off the coast of West Africa, is Africa’s smallest country in terms of population, with an estimated Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of USD 253 million and GDP per capita of USD 1 222 in 2011. The country is considered a fragile state according to the harmonized African Development Bank (AfDB) and World Bank Country Policy and Institutional Assessment (CPIA) score, which was below 3.2 in 2010. Its vulnerability to exogenous shocks is accompanied by high dependence on agriculture and overseas development assistance (ODA). In 2011, real GDP growth is estimated to have dropped slightly to 4.3% (down from 4.5% in 2010) and was driven mainly by the construction, consumer, retail, tourism and mining sectors. The service sector dominates the economy, accounting for about 60% of GDP in 2010 and 48.6% in 2011 and employing nearly 60% of the workforce. The industrial and agricultural sectors each contributed 20% to GDP. Since 2009, the government has made significant progress in reforming the management of public finances. The measures implemented have led the country to be ranked 12th out of 53 countries in the 2011 Ibrahim Index of African Governance.
The gross domestic product (GDP) of the Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe (STP) slowed down in 2009 but picked up timidly in 2010 to an estimated 4.5%. Growth was sustained by foreign aid and the tertiary sector, including tourism, construction and retail. The economy is forecast to expand by 5.0% in 2011 and 6.0% in 2012, supported by foreign direct investment (FDI) in oil exploration and the construction of a new deepwater seaport. The longer-term outlook, however, remains highly dependent on uncertain oil prospects, with production not expected before 2016.