Bulgaria

This dataset comprises statistics pertaining to pensions indicators.It includes indicators such as occupational pension funds’asset as a % of GDP, personal pension funds’ asset as a % of GDP, DC pension plans’assets as a % of total assets. Pension fund and plan types are classified according to the OECD classification. Three dimensions cover this classification: pension plan type, definition type and contract type.

This dataset includes pension funds statistics with OECD classifications by type of pension plans and by type of pension funds. All types of plans are included (occupational and personal, mandatory and voluntary). The OECD classification considers both funded and book reserved pension plans that are workplace-based (occupational pension plans) or accessed directly in retail markets (personal pension plans). Both mandatory and voluntary arrangements are included. The data includes plans where benefits are paid by a private sector entity (classified as private pension plans by the OECD) as well as those paid by a funded public sector entity. Data are presented in various measures depending on the variable: millions of national currency, millions of USD, thousands or unit.

Tози профил предоставя кратък и ориентиран към политиката преглед на състоянието на здравето и системата на здравеопазването в България, като част от по-широката поредица здравни профили на страните от инициативата "Състояние на здравето в ЕС". В него е представен кратък анализ, обхващащ следните ключови аспекти: текущото състояние на здравето в България; детерминантите на здравето, с акцент върху поведенческите рискови фактори; организацията на българската система на здравеопазване; и оценка на ефективността, достъпността и устойчивостта на здравната система. Освен това в изданието за 2023 г. е представен тематичен раздел за състоянието на психичното здраве и свързаните с него услуги в България.

Този профил е резултат от съвместните усилия на ОИСР и Европейската обсерватория за здравни системи и политики, осъществени в сътрудничество с Европейската комисия.

This profile provides a concise and policy-focused overview of the state of health and the healthcare system in Bulgaria, as a part of the broader series of Country Health Profiles from the State of Health in the EU initiative. It presents a succinct analysis encompassing the following key aspects: the current health status in Bulgaria; the determinants of health, focusing on behavioural risk factors; the organisation of the Bulgarian healthcare system; and an evaluation of the health system's effectiveness, accessibility, and resilience. Moreover, the 2023 edition presents a thematic section on the state of mental health and associated services in Bulgaria.

This profile is the collaborative effort of the OECD and the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, carried out in cooperation with the European Commission.

Този доклад очертава резултатите от прегледа на процесите на публични инвестиции в България и дава препоръки за подобряване на тяхната ефективност и ефикасност. Той се фокусира върху планирането, инвестициите и изпълнението на инфраструктура на национално и общинско ниво. Докладът идентифицира какво България трябва да запази и подобри, за да гарантира, че инвестициите, направени на европейско, държавно и общинско ниво, постигат най-добро съотношение качество-цена и допринасят за благосъстоянието и жизнения стандарт на хората.

This report outlines the findings of a review of public investment processes in Bulgaria and provides recommendations for improving its effectiveness and efficiency. It focuses on infrastructure planning, investment and delivery at the national and municipal levels. The report identifies what Bulgaria should retain and improve upon to ensure that investments made at the European, State and municipal levels achieve value for money and contribute to people’s well-being and living standards.

This paper investigates the demand for language skills using data on online job vacancies in 27 European Union member countries and the United Kingdom in 2021. Evidence indicates that although Europe remains a linguistically diverse labour market, knowing English confers unique advantages in certain occupations. Across countries included in the analyses, a knowledge of English was explicitly required in 22% of all vacancies and English was the sixth most required skill overall. A knowledge of German, Spanish, French and Mandarin Chinese was explicitly demanded in between 1% and 2% of all vacancies. One in two positions advertised on line for managers or professionals required some knowledge of English, on average across European Union member countries and across OECD countries in the sample. This compares with only one in ten positions for skilled agricultural, forestry and fishery workers and among elementary occupations.

Skills are the key to shaping a better future and central to the capacity of countries and people to thrive in an increasingly interconnected and rapidly changing world. Megatrends such as digitalisation, globalisation, demographic change and climate change are reshaping work and society, generating a growing demand for higher levels and new sets of skills.

OECD Skills Strategy projects provide a strategic and comprehensive approach to assess countries’ skills challenges and opportunities and help them build more effective skills systems. The OECD works collaboratively with countries to develop policy responses that are tailored to each country’s specific skills needs. The foundation of this approach is the OECD Skills Strategy Framework, which allows for an exploration of what countries can do better to: 1) develop relevant skills over the life course; 2) use skills effectively in work and in society; and 3) strengthen the governance of the skills system.

This report, OECD Skills Strategy Bulgaria: Assessment and Recommendations, identifies opportunities and makes recommendations to improve youth skills, improve adult skills, use skills effectively in the labour market and at work, and improve the governance of the skills system in Bulgaria.

The shrinking number of workers due to smaller young cohorts entering the labour market and large-scale outward migration are undermining Bulgaria’s growth prospects, the sustainability of its social institutions and society more widely. Bulgaria needs to provide more support for families and make staying in the country more attractive by raising productivity, fostering the creation of more good-quality formal jobs and reinforcing the social safety net. Bulgarian women have high activity rates, a high share in management jobs and a low wage gap with men, but all this translates into high opportunity costs for educated women of having children. Policies, including access to affordable quality childcare countrywide, more egalitarian burden sharing with men and greater incentives to get back to work, would help reduce those costs. Women from disadvantaged backgrounds should be offered a career path through upgrading skills and lifelong learning. Inactivity rates among the working age population should be addressed by reforms to the social welfare system that would improve activation and through targeted measures. Vulnerable groups, including ethnic minorities, are disadvantaged in multiple ways and need tailored measures to escape poverty, acquire skills and integrate into the labour market.

La convergence de la Bulgarie vers les économies plus avancées s’est poursuivie, mais à un rythme plus lent. La flambée des prix de l’énergie et des produits alimentaires a porté l’inflation à son plus haut niveau depuis des décennies. Néanmoins, les trains de mesures de soutien et la forte dynamique des salaires et des pensions ont stabilisé le pouvoir d’achat. Dans la mesure où la Bulgarie utilise un système de caisse d’émission, c’est aux autorités budgétaires qu’il revient de réduire les tensions inflationnistes à court terme. La dette publique est modeste grâce à la discipline budgétaire, mais compte tenu des tensions grandissantes sur les dépenses liées au vieillissement démographique et à la nécessité d’améliorer les infrastructures ainsi que les compétences, il faudra accroître les recettes publiques en renforçant l’efficience du recouvrement des impôts et en revoyant à la hausse les taxes environnementales. Les autorités doivent continuer de combattre la corruption, qui impose des coûts de transaction élevés, en prenant des mesures plus efficaces. La stratégie de transition climatique de la Bulgarie est en cours d’élaboration. Il faut augmenter les taxes environnementales, notamment les droits d’accise sur les combustibles et les taxes sur le carbone appliquées dans les secteurs non couverts par le système d’échange de quotas d’émission de gaz à effet de serre, pour réduire l’intensité énergétique et faire baisser les émissions. La diminution de la population active due à l’arrivée de cohortes jeunes moins nombreuses sur le marché du travail et à l’émigration sape les perspectives de croissance de la Bulgarie ainsi que la viabilité de ses institutions sociales. La Bulgarie doit soutenir davantage les familles, notamment en améliorant l’accès à des services d’accueil des jeunes enfants de qualité sur tout le territoire, et inciter davantage les habitants à rester dans le pays en rehaussant la productivité, en favorisant la création d’emplois formels de qualité et en renforçant le système de protection sociale.

CHAPITRE THÉMATIQUE: AMÉLIORER L'EMPLOI ET LES REVENUS

This dataset includes pension funds statistics with OECD classifications by type of pension plans and by type of pension funds. All types of plans are included (occupational and personal, mandatory and voluntary). The OECD classification considers both funded and book reserved pension plans that are workplace-based (occupational pension plans) or accessed directly in retail markets (personal pension plans). Both mandatory and voluntary arrangements are included. The data includes plans where benefits are paid by a private sector entity (classified as private pension plans by the OECD) as well as those paid by a funded public sector entity. Data are presented in various measures depending on the variable: millions of national currency, millions of USD, thousands or unit.

This dataset comprises statistics pertaining to pensions indicators.It includes indicators such as occupational pension funds’asset as a % of GDP, personal pension funds’ asset as a % of GDP, DC pension plans’assets as a % of total assets. Pension fund and plan types are classified according to the OECD classification. Three dimensions cover this classification: pension plan type, definition type and contract type.

The Pensions at a Glance database includes reliable and internationally comparable statistics on public and mandatory and voluntary pensions. It covers 34 OECD countries and aims to cover all G20 countries. Pensions at a Glance reviews and analyses the pension measures enacted or legislated in OECD countries. It provides an in-depth review of the first layer of protection of the elderly, first-tier pensions across countries and provideds a comprehensive selection of pension policy indicators for all OECD and G20 countries.

Bulgaria’s convergence towards more advanced economies has continued but at a slower pace. Soaring energy and food prices have pushed up inflation to its highest levels in decades. However, support packages and strong momentum in wages and pensions have stabilised purchasing power. With the currency board arrangement, the onus to decrease short-term inflationary pressures is on fiscal policy. Fiscal discipline has resulted in low public debt, but growing spending pressures related to ageing, infrastructure and skills will need to be financed by greater tax collection efficiency and higher environmental taxes. The fight against corruption, which imposes high transaction costs, needs to continue by implementing more effective measures. Bulgaria’s climate transition strategy is under development. Environmental taxes, including excise taxes on fuels and carbon taxes on sectors outside of the emissions trading system need to increase to curb energy intensity and reduce emissions. The shrinking number of workers due to smaller young cohorts entering the labour market and outward migration are undermining Bulgaria’s growth prospects and the sustainability of its social institutions. Bulgaria needs to provide more support for families, including quality childcare country-wide, and make staying in the country more attractive by raising productivity, fostering the creation of good-quality formal jobs and reinforcing the social safety net.

SPECIAL FEATURE: BETTER JOBS AND INCOMES

Anti-corruption agencies must mainstream integrity policies and procedures to safeguard their activities, achieve their objectives and build public trust in their functions. This report provides concrete recommendations for strengthening Bulgaria’s Anti-Corruption Commission’s Code of Ethics and its system for undertaking integrity checks of staff. Both these issues are key to creating a culture of integrity within the organisation. The report is part of an EU-funded project under the Technical Support Instrument Regulation and highlights relevant good practices from OECD member countries and provides tailored recommendations in Bulgaria’s context.

Профилите на държавите по отношение на рака определят силните страни, предизвикателствата и специфичните области на действие за всяка от 27-те държави — членки на ЕС, Исландия и Норвегия, за да насочват инвестициите. и интервенциите на европейско, национално и регионално равнище в рамките на европейския план за борба с рака.

Всеки национален профил по отношение на рака представя в синтезиран вид: болестния товар на онкологичните заболявания в страната; тенденциите по отношение на рисковите фактори за рак (с акцент върху факторите свързани с поведението и околната среда) ; програмите за ранно откриване на онкологичните заболявания; ефективността на онкологичните грижи, с фокус върху достъпността (качеството на грижите, разходите и въздействието на COVID-19 върху грижите за пациентите с рак).