Timor-Leste
What are the structural barriers to women's empowerment and inclusive development in Southeast Asia? Building on data from the fifth edition of the SIGI, the SIGI 2024 Regional Report for Southeast Asia: Time to Care provides new evidence-based analysis on the progress and setbacks in eliminating the root causes of gender inequality in 11 countries of the region. It underscores how multiple personal status laws perpetuate gender-based legal discrimination. The analysis also shows that social norms governing gender roles and responsibilities worsened between 2014 and 2022, particularly affecting women’s educational and economic rights.
The report explores a critical policy area for the region, the care economy. Stressing the gendered, informal, and unpaid dimensions of care, it draws on social, demographic, educational and economic evidence to forecast a growing demand for care services in Southeast Asian countries. The report advocates for the strategic development of formal care systems as a unique opportunity to accelerate women's economic empowerment, build inclusive societies and strengthen the region's resilience to external shocks – including those induced by climate change. To dismantle the barriers that prevent the emergence and expansion of such a formal care economy, it provides concrete recommendations to policy makers and other stakeholders.
Small island developing states (SIDS) are among the most vulnerable countries to the impacts of the coronavirus (COVID-19) crisis, which is disrupting key economic sectors that SIDS’ undiversified and already fragile economies strongly rely upon. While they are succeeding to contain the health emergency, SIDS are faced with severe economic impacts which require bold government action and adequate international support. This policy brief: (i) highlights the impacts of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic across SIDS; (ii) provides an overview of the support delivered by development co-operation providers to face the crisis; and (iii) provides suggestions to ensure that international support can lead to a fast and sustainable recovery in SIDS: a ‘blue’ recovery.
The public sectors of African Portuguese-speaking countries and Timor-Leste (PALOP-TL) have made significant progress in mobilising digital technologies to promote internal efficiency, simplify government procedures and improve the delivery of public services. Nevertheless, fully harnessing these technologies to improve growth, opportunities for income and employment, and public service delivery requires a more profound shift from efficiency-driven to citizen-driven approaches. This cross-country review of the digital transformation of the public sectors in Angola, Cabo Verde, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique, Sao Tome and Principe and Timor-Leste reviews progress towards digital government and suggests strategies for enabling more effective, collaborative and sustainable digital government policies and approaches in PALOP-TL countries. These recommendations address three main areas: digital solutions for the delivery of core government functions, foundations for a digital government transformation, and digital services for citizens and businesses.
As administrações públicas dos Países Africanos de Língua Oficial Portuguesa e Timor-Leste (PALOP-TL) fizeram progressos significativos na mobilização de tecnologias digitais para a promoção da eficiência interna, simplificação de procedimentos e melhoria da prestação de serviços públicos. No entanto, o total aproveitamento dessas tecnologias para estimular o crescimento, a produtividade e emprego, assim como para assegurar a prestação de serviços públicos, requer uma transição profunda de abordagens centradas na promoção da eficiência para abordagens assentes na iniciativa dos cidadãos. O presente estudo comparado da transformação digital dos sectores públicos em Angola, Cabo Verde, Guiné-Bissau, Moçambique, São Tomé e Príncipe e Timor-Leste analisa os progressos no desenvolvimento do governo digital e propõe a adoção de estratégias que possibilitem políticas e abordagens de governo digital mais eficazes, colaborativas e sustentáveis na região PALOP-TL. As recomendações formuladas abordam três domínios centrais: soluções digitais para o exercício de funções essenciais de governo, bases para um governo digital e serviços digitais para cidadãos e empresas.
This report reviews the implementation in Timor-Leste of the Principles for Good International Engagement in Fragile States and Situations two years after they were endorsed by ministers of the OECD Development Assistance Committee, and identifies priority areas to improve the collective impact of international engagement. The Timor-Leste Country Report reflects the findings from a national consultation among stakeholders representing both national and international institutions, complemented by interviews and data collection.
Timor Leste, the first new nation of the twenty-first century, is a young country facing many of the most challenging problems of underdevelopment: illiteracy, malnutrition, low skills base and high unemployment. It also is on the threshold of facing the potential pitfalls of being a relatively large-scale exporter of oil and gas. Finally independent after centuries of colonialism and decades of occupation, the country’s public and private managers lack experience and skills. These daunting problems are exacerbated by the nation’s decision to re-introduce Portuguese as the official language, even though only a small percentage of the population (and virtually no under-30’s) has any fluency in that language. According to the World Bank (2002), the main challenge facing Timor Leste is how to reconcile a simultaneous existence of acute poverty and severe shortage of human management skills with solid prospects of future flows from the country’s natural resource wealth ...
The SIGI 2023 profile for Timor-Leste provides a comprehensive overview of the state of gender equality in the country, as measured by the OECD’s Social Institutions and Gender Index (SIGI). The full SIGI Country Profile for Timor-Leste is available at: OECD Development Centre (2023), “Timor-Leste SIGI Country Profile”, SIGI 2023 Country Profiles, OECD, https://oe.cd/sigi-dashboard. The fifth edition of the SIGI, released in 2023, assesses 140 countries based on the level of gender-based discrimination in their social institutions. These discriminatory social institutions encompass both formal and informal laws, as well as social norms and practices that restrict women’s and girls’ access to rights, justice, empowerment opportunities and resources, thereby undermining their agency and authority.
O Estudo Regional de Governo Digital Promovendo a Transformação Digital dos Países Africanos de Língua Oficial Portuguesa e Timor-Leste foi desenvolvido para apoiar os governos de Angola, Cabo Verde, Guiné-Bissau, Moçambique, São Tomé e Príncipe e Timor-Leste na mudança de paradigma de um governo analógico (com sistemas administrativos em papel) e eletrónico (processos e serviços informatizados) para um governo digital. As recomendações estratégicas do estudo apresentam perspetivas sobre domínios de intervenção importantes, incluindo:
In light of the key assessments explored above, PALOP-TL governments could consider implementing the following policy recommendations:
This chapter presents the situation of digital government in the context of developing countries, in particular, the African Portuguese-Speaking Countries and Timor-Leste (PALOP-TL) region. It assesses the major initiatives, programmes and principles on digital government that have been driving international organisations and multilateral donors in recent years. It maps the potential pathways that could help PALOP-TL countries shift from e-government to digital government systems, in light of the most recent body of learning on digital transformation (including the OECD Recommendation of the Council on Digital Government Strategies). Finally, it reviews the political stability, institutional quality and economic potential of each of the PALOP-TL countries, with reference to the most relevant digital economy, development and society indicators to better understand the potential for PALOP-TL countries to transform their digital and development capacities.
A prestação de serviços públicos pressupõe que os governos são capazes, primariamente, de garantir e de exercer um conjunto de funções básicas, como recolher rendimentos, monitorizar despesas, gerir a função pública ou garantir a comunicação através de organismos públicos e com os cidadãos e empresas. Em conformidade, a conceção e implementação de estratégias de governo digital nos Países Africanos de Língua Oficial Portuguesa e Timor-Leste (PALOP-TL) devem ter em consideração a capacidade dos respetivos governos aplicarem um conjunto mínimo de funções essenciais, que são consideradas pedras basilares de um setor público transformado digitalmente. O presente capítulo avalia como essas funções governamentais essenciais a montante e a jusante estão atualmente a ser garantidas pelos governos dos PALOP-TL e de que forma as soluções digitais estão a ser utilizadas para fomentar, apoiar e melhorar a prestação de serviços públicos.
Este capítulo apresenta a situação do governo digital no contexto dos países em desenvolvimento, nomeadamente na região dos Países Africanos de Língua Oficial Portuguesa e Timor-Leste (PALOP-TL). Analisa as principais iniciativas, programas e princípios no domínio do governo digital que têm orientado as organizações internacionais e os doadores multilaterais nos últimos anos. Delineia as potenciais vias que poderão ajudar os PALOP-TL a realizar a transição do governo eletrónico para sistemas de governo digital, à luz dos conhecimentos mais recentes sobre transformação digital (incluindo a Recomendação do Conselho da OCDE sobre Estratégias de Governo Digital). Por último, analisa a estabilidade política, a qualidade institucional e o potencial económico de cada um dos PALOP-TL, tendo por referência os indicadores de economia digital, de desenvolvimento e sociais mais pertinentes, para uma melhor compreensão do potencial dos PALOP-TL de transformarem as suas capacidades digitais e de desenvolvimento.
O presente capítulo analisa e discute o cenário de prestação de serviços digitais na região dos Países Africanos de Língua Oficial Portuguesa e Timor-Leste (PALOP-TL). Começa por analisar a abertura e as práticas de envolvimento dos cidadãos e empresas nos seis países. Em seguida, discute a identidade digital como facilitador-chave de uma prestação de serviços públicos sustentável e coerente. A terceira secção foca-se no âmbito e nas possibilidades de saltar etapas no paradigma da prestação de serviços digitais através de abordagens de conceção digital, multicanal e integradas. O capítulo conclui ao explorar o potencial da região dos PALOP-TL para a prestação de serviços digitais transfronteiriços.
This chapter identifies and analyses the progress of African Portuguese-Speaking Countries and Timor-Leste (PALOP-TL) countries in establishing the institutional foundations needed to support digital government. Using the OECD Council Recommendation on Digital Government Strategies as a frame of reference, and taking into account the constraints and opportunities of employing digital technologies to enable core government functions, this chapter begins by considering the nature and quality of the policy frameworks adopted for digital government, before reviewing the mechanisms for institutional leadership and co-ordination, policy levers, and the key enablers that could strengthen policy implementation. The last section is dedicated to the digital skills panorama in the public sector of PALOP-TL countries. The chapter makes several concluding observations and recommendations on next steps for PALOP-TL countries.
This chapter analyses and discusses the digital service delivery landscape in the African Portuguese-Speaking Countries and Timor-Leste (PALOP-TL) region. It starts by analysing openness and engagement practices of citizens and businesses in the six countries. It then discusses digital identity as a key enabler of sustainable and coherent public service delivery. The third section focuses on the scope and possibilities of leapfrogging ahead in the digital service delivery paradigm through digital by design, multichannel and integrated approaches. The chapter concludes by exploring the potential of the PALOP-TL region for cross-border digital service delivery.
Digital technologies can improve lives by boosting productivity and job creation, enhancing democratic governance and offering opportunities for more collaborative and participatory government. African Portuguese-Speaking Countries and Timor-Leste (PALOP-TL) governments, as elsewhere have made significant progress in recent years in using digital technologies to promote internal efficiency, simplify government procedures and improve public services. Nevertheless, in order to fully reap the benefits of technology and modernise their core administrative capabilities, such as collecting revenues, monitoring expenditure and managing the civil service, PALOP-TL countries must still make further progress in their digital government policies and practices. Specifically, PALOP-TL governments are encouraged to move beyond the digitisation of internal government processes to truly transform the public sector using citizen-driven approaches.
O presente capítulo identifica e analisa os progressos realizados pelos Países Africanos de Língua Oficial Portuguesa e Timor-Leste (PALOP-TL) na criação das bases institucionais necessárias para apoiar o governo digital. Tendo como referência a Recomendação do Conselho da OCDE sobre Estratégias de Governo Digital e tendo em conta os limites e as oportunidades de utilização das tecnologias digitais no sentido de facilitar as funções essenciais de governo, o presente capítulo começa por considerar a natureza e a qualidade dos quadros de políticas públicas adotados para o governo digital, antes de rever os mecanismos de liderança e coordenação institucionais, as alavancas de políticas públicas e os facilitadores-chaveque poderão reforçar a implementação das políticas. A última secção é dedicada ao panorama das competências digitais no setor público dos PALOP-TL. O capítulo formula várias observações e recomendações finais sobre os próximos passos a dar pelos PALOP-TL.