Rwanda
Immigrants contribute considerably to South Africa’s economy. In contrast to popular perception, immigration is not associated with a reduction of the employment rate of the native-born population in South Africa, and some groups of immigrants are likely to increase employment opportunities for the native-born. In part due to the high employment rate of the immigrant population itself, immigrants also raise the income per capita in South Africa. In addition, immigrants have a positive impact on the government’s fiscal balance, mostly because they tend to pay more in taxes. Policies focused on immigrant integration and fighting discrimination would further enhance the economic contribution of immigrants in South Africa.
How Immigrants Contribute to South Africa’s Economy is the result of a project carried out by the OECD Development Centre and the International Labour Organization, with support from the European Union. The project aimed to analyse several economic impacts – on the labour market, economic growth, and public finance – of immigration in ten partner countries: Argentina, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, the Dominican Republic, Ghana, Kyrgyzstan, Nepal, Rwanda, South Africa and Thailand. The empirical evidence stems from a combination of quantitative and qualitative analyses of secondary, and in some cases primary, data sources.
Immigrants' contribution to Rwanda's economy is relatively small, but growing. Unlike in many other developing countries, immigrants in Rwanda are on average better educated and work in more productive sectors than the native-born population. Although immigration is associated with a small reduction in the employment rate of the native-born population, immigrants' contribution to the Rwandan gross domestic product is higher than their share in employment. In addition, immigrants contribute more in taxes than they receive in government benefits, leading to a positive effect on the fiscal balance. A mix of migration policies, aimed at meeting labour market needs and fostering immigrants’ integration, and non-migration policies, intending to leverage the impact of immigration on the economy, would help enhance the contribution of immigrants to Rwanda’s economy.
How Immigrants Contribute to Rwanda’s Economy is the result of a project carried out by the OECD Development Centre and the International Labour Organization, with support from the European Union. The project aimed to analyse several economic impacts – on the labour market, economic growth, and public finance – of immigration in ten partner countries: Argentina, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, the Dominican Republic, Ghana, Kyrgyzstan, Nepal, Rwanda, South Africa and Thailand. The empirical evidence stems from a combination of quantitative and qualitative analyses of secondary, and in some cases primary, data sources.
Dans le cadre de l’examen par les pairs de la Belgique, une équipe composée d’examinateurs de la Finlande et l’Italie et de membres du Secrétariat de l’OCDE s’est rendue au Rwanda fin janvier 2015. L’équipe a rencontré le ministre conseiller à la Coopération au développement à l’ambassade et le représentant résident de la CTB et leurs équipes, ainsi que des fonctionnaires rwandais du ministère de l’Économie et des Finances et de ministères fonctionnels, des parlementaires, d’autres partenaires bilatéraux et multilatéraux et des représentants d’organisations de la société civile belges et rwandaises.
As part of the peer review of Belgium, a team of examiners from Finland and Italy and the OECD secretariat visited Rwanda in late January 2015. The team met with Belgium’s Head of Cooperation in the Embassy and BTC’s resident representative and their teams; Rwandan officials at the Ministry of Economy and Finance and in line ministries; parliamentarians; other bilateral and multilateral partners; and representatives of Belgian and Rwandan civil society organisations.
El presente capítulo analiza el Programa de Educación Cívico-Tributaria de Ruanda. Comienza haciendo un recorrido por el programa al completo y sus objetivos, seguido del análisis de varios elementos específicos: el Día del Contribuyente, los Clubes Fiscales de Amigos y los Consejos Consultivos Fiscales. Por último, realiza una reflexión sobre el impacto y las enseñanzas extraídas como fruto de la iniciativa.
Ce chapitre présente le programme d'éducation des contribuables du Rwanda. Il décrit d'abord les objectifs généraux du programme, suivi d’un point sur un élément spécifique, la Journée du contribuable, les clubs des amis de l’impôt et les conseils consultatifs fiscaux. Il examine par la suite l'impact et les leçons à tirer de l'initiative, suivie par un aperçu des prochaines étapes.
This chapter presents Rwanda’s taxpayer education programme. It first gives an overview of the whole programme and its objectives, followed by a focus on specific elements – the Taxpayers’ Day, tax friends clubs and tax advisory councils. It finally looks at the impacts and lessons learnt of those initiatives.